Add a few Storage classes which avoid storing unnecessary data.

Specifically, this adds:
* StoredTransaction, which avoid having to store the entire
  transaction when we only need its inputs+outputs.
* StoredTransactionOutput, which avoids having to store the entire
  parentTransaction just to get the hash and index.
* TransactionOutputChanges, which is used to store two lists of
  StoredTransactionOutputs, one for the created set and one for
  the spent set.
* StoredUndoableBlock, which can store either only
  TransactionOutputChanges or only StoredTransactions so that the
  block can be more easily connected/disconnected at will.

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/Block.java

@@ -840,7 +840,8 @@ public class Block extends Message {
         // Here we will do things a bit differently so a new address isn't needed every time. We'll put a simple
         // counter in the scriptSig so every transaction has a different hash.
         coinbase.addInput(new TransactionInput(params, coinbase, new byte[]{(byte) txCounter++}));
-        coinbase.addOutput(new TransactionOutput(params, coinbase, Script.createOutputScript(pubKeyTo)));
+        coinbase.addOutput(new TransactionOutput(params, coinbase, Script.createOutputScript(pubKeyTo),
+                Utils.toNanoCoins(50, 0)));
         transactions.add(coinbase);
         coinbase.setParent(this);
         coinbase.length = coinbase.bitcoinSerialize().length;

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/NetworkParameters.java

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public class NetworkParameters implements Serializable {
             Script.writeBytes(scriptPubKeyBytes, Hex.decode
                     ("04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f"));
             scriptPubKeyBytes.write(Script.OP_CHECKSIG);
-            t.addOutput(new TransactionOutput(n, t, scriptPubKeyBytes.toByteArray()));
+            t.addOutput(new TransactionOutput(n, t, scriptPubKeyBytes.toByteArray(), Utils.toNanoCoins(50, 0)));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             // Cannot happen.
             throw new RuntimeException(e);

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/StoredTransaction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2012 Matt Corallo.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.bitcoin.core;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+//TODO: Move this to MemoryFullPrunedBlockStore and use a different method for on-disk storage (bitcoin serialization?)
+/**
+ * A StoredTransaction message contains the information necessary to check a transaction later (ie after a reorg).
+ * It is used to avoid having to store the entire transaction when we only need its inputs+outputs.
+ * Its only really useful for MemoryFullPrunedBlockStore, and should probably be moved there
+ */
+public class StoredTransaction implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6243881368122528323L;
+
+    /**
+     *  A transaction has some value and a script used for authenticating that the redeemer is allowed to spend
+     *  this output.
+     */
+    private List<StoredTransactionOutput> outputs;
+    private List<TransactionInput> inputs;
+    private long version;
+    private long lockTime;
+    private Sha256Hash hash;
+    
+    public StoredTransaction(Transaction tx, int height) {
+        inputs = new LinkedList<TransactionInput>();
+        outputs = new LinkedList<StoredTransactionOutput>();
+        for (TransactionInput in : tx.getInputs())
+            inputs.add(new TransactionInput(in.params, null, in.getScriptBytes(), in.getOutpoint()));
+        for (TransactionOutput out : tx.getOutputs())
+            outputs.add(new StoredTransactionOutput(null, out, height, tx.isCoinBase()));
+        this.version = tx.getVersion();
+        this.lockTime = tx.getLockTime();
+        this.hash = tx.getHash();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The lits of inputs in this transaction
+     */
+    public List<TransactionInput> getInputs() {
+        return inputs;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * The lits of outputs in this transaction
+     * Note that the hashes of all of these are null
+     */
+    public List<StoredTransactionOutput> getOutputs() {
+        return outputs;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * The hash of this stored transaction
+     */
+    public Sha256Hash getHash() {
+        return hash;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * The lockTime of the stored transaction
+     */
+    public long getLockTime() {
+        return lockTime;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * The version of the stored transaction
+     */
+    public long getVersion() {
+        return version;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * A coinbase transaction is one that creates a new coin. They are the first transaction in each block and their
+     * value is determined by a formula that all implementations of BitCoin share. In 2011 the value of a coinbase
+     * transaction is 50 coins, but in future it will be less. A coinbase transaction is defined not only by its
+     * position in a block but by the data in the inputs.
+     */
+    public boolean isCoinBase() {
+        return inputs.get(0).isCoinBase();
+    }
+    
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Stored Transaction: " + hash.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return getHash().hashCode();
+    }
+    
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof StoredTransaction)) return false;
+        return ((StoredTransaction) o).getHash().equals(this.getHash());
+    }
+}

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/StoredTransactionOutput.java

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2012 Matt Corallo.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.bitcoin.core;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+
+/**
+ * A StoredTransactionOutput message contains the information necessary to check a spending transaction.
+ * It avoids having to store the entire parentTransaction just to get the hash and index.
+ * Its only really useful for MemoryFullPrunedBlockStore, and should probably be moved there
+ */
+public class StoredTransactionOutput implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -8744924157056340509L;
+
+    /**
+     *  A transaction output has some value and a script used for authenticating that the redeemer is allowed to spend
+     *  this output.
+     */
+    private BigInteger value;
+    private byte[] scriptBytes;
+
+    /** Hash of the transaction to which we refer. */
+    private Sha256Hash hash;
+    /** Which output of that transaction we are talking about. */
+    private long index;
+
+    /** arbitrary value lower than -{@link NetworkParameters.spendableCoinbaseDepth}
+     * (not too low to get overflows when we do blockHeight - NONCOINBASE_HEIGHT, though) */
+    private static final int NONCOINBASE_HEIGHT = -200;
+    /** The height of the creating block (for coinbases, NONCOINBASE_HEIGHT otherwise) */
+    private int height;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a stored transaction output
+     * @param hash the hash of the containing transaction
+     * @param index the outpoint
+     * @param value the value available
+     * @param height the height this output was created in
+     * @param scriptBytes
+     */
+    public StoredTransactionOutput(Sha256Hash hash, long index, BigInteger value, int height, boolean isCoinbase, byte[] scriptBytes) {
+        this.hash = hash;
+        this.index = index;
+        this.value = value;
+        this.height = isCoinbase ? height : NONCOINBASE_HEIGHT;
+        this.scriptBytes = scriptBytes;
+    }
+
+    public StoredTransactionOutput(Sha256Hash hash, TransactionOutput out, int height, boolean isCoinbase) {
+        this.hash = hash;
+        this.index = out.getIndex();
+        this.value = out.getValue();
+        this.height = isCoinbase ? height : NONCOINBASE_HEIGHT;
+        this.scriptBytes = out.getScriptBytes();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The value which this Transaction output holds
+     * @return the value
+     */
+    public BigInteger getValue() {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The backing script bytes which can be turned into a Script object.
+     * @return the scriptBytes
+     */
+    public byte[] getScriptBytes() {
+        return scriptBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The hash of the transaction which holds this output
+     * @return the hash
+     */
+    public Sha256Hash getHash() {
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The index of this output in the transaction which holds it
+     * @return the index
+     */
+    public long getIndex() {
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the height of the block that created this output (or -1 if this output was not created by a coinbase)
+     */
+    public int getHeight() {
+        return height;
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("Stored TxOut of %s (%s:%l)", Utils.bitcoinValueToFriendlyString(value), hash.toString(), index);
+    }
+
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return hash.hashCode() + (int)index;
+    }
+
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof StoredTransactionOutput)) return false;
+        return ((StoredTransactionOutput) o).getIndex() == this.getIndex() &&
+                ((StoredTransactionOutput) o).getHash().equals(this.getHash());
+    }
+}

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/StoredUndoableBlock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2011 Google Inc.
+ * Copyright 2012 Matt Corallo.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.bitcoin.core;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Contains minimal data neccessary to disconnect/connect the transactions
+ * in the stored block at will.  Can either store the full set of
+ * transactions (if the inputs for the block have not been tested to work)
+ * or the set of transaction outputs created/destroyed when the block is
+ * connected.
+ */
+public class StoredUndoableBlock implements Serializable {
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5127353027086786117L;
+	
+	Sha256Hash blockHash;
+	
+	// Only one of either txOutChanges or transactions will be set
+	private TransactionOutputChanges txOutChanges;
+	private List<StoredTransaction> transactions;
+	
+    public StoredUndoableBlock(Sha256Hash hash, TransactionOutputChanges txOutChanges) {
+        this.blockHash = hash;
+        this.transactions = null;
+        this.txOutChanges = txOutChanges;
+    }
+    
+    public StoredUndoableBlock(Sha256Hash hash, List<StoredTransaction> transactions) {
+        this.blockHash = hash;
+        this.txOutChanges = null;
+        this.transactions = transactions;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the transaction output changes if they have been calculated, otherwise null.
+     * Only one of this and getTransactions() will return a non-null value.
+     */
+    public TransactionOutputChanges getTxOutChanges() {
+        return txOutChanges;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the full list of transactions if it is stored, otherwise null.
+     * Only one of this and getTxOutChanges() will return a non-null value.
+     */
+    public List<StoredTransaction> getTransactions() {
+        return transactions;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the hash of the represented block
+     */
+    public Sha256Hash getHash() {
+        return blockHash;
+    }
+    
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return blockHash.hashCode();
+    }
+    
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof StoredUndoableBlock)) return false;
+        return ((StoredUndoableBlock)o).getHash().equals(this.getHash());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Undoable Block " + blockHash.toString();
+    }
+}

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/Transaction.java

@@ -137,6 +137,22 @@ public class Transaction extends ChildMessage implements Serializable {
         super(params, msg, 0, parent, parseLazy, parseRetain, length);
     }
     
+    /**
+     * Creates a transaction from the given StoredTransaction
+     * This is unsafe in that editing some aspects of this transaction may edit the stored transaction.
+     * Thus, this should only be used if the resulting transaction will only be used in a read-only manner.
+     */
+    Transaction(NetworkParameters params, StoredTransaction tx) {
+        super(params);
+        this.version = tx.getVersion();
+        this.lockTime = tx.getLockTime();
+        this.inputs = new ArrayList<TransactionInput>(tx.getInputs());
+        this.outputs = new ArrayList<TransactionOutput>(tx.getOutputs().size());
+        for (StoredTransactionOutput output : tx.getOutputs()) {
+            this.outputs.add(new TransactionOutput(params, this, output.getScriptBytes(), output.getValue()));
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the transaction hash as you see them in the block explorer.
      */

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/TransactionOutput.java

@@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ public class TransactionOutput extends ChildMessage implements Serializable {
     /**
      * Used only in creation of the genesis blocks and in unit tests.
      */
-    TransactionOutput(NetworkParameters params, Transaction parent, byte[] scriptBytes) {
+    TransactionOutput(NetworkParameters params, Transaction parent, byte[] scriptBytes, BigInteger value) {
         super(params);
         this.scriptBytes = scriptBytes;
-        this.value = Utils.toNanoCoins(50, 0);
+        this.value = value;
         parentTransaction = parent;
         availableForSpending = true;
     }

core/src/main/java/com/google/bitcoin/core/TransactionOutputChanges.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2012 Matt Corallo.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.bitcoin.core;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * TransactionOutputChanges is used as a return value for BlockChainBase.connectInputs.
+ * It contains the full list of transaction outputs created and spent in a block.
+ * It does contain outputs created that were spent later in the block, as those are needed for
+ * BIP30 (no duplicate txid creation if the previous one was not fully spent prior to this block) verification.
+ */
+public class TransactionOutputChanges implements Serializable {
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6169346729324181905L;
+
+    public final List<StoredTransactionOutput> txOutsCreated;
+    public final List<StoredTransactionOutput> txOutsSpent;
+    
+    public TransactionOutputChanges(List<StoredTransactionOutput> txOutsCreated, List<StoredTransactionOutput> txOutsSpent) {
+        this.txOutsCreated = txOutsCreated;
+        this.txOutsSpent = txOutsSpent;
+    }
+}