use super::fq::{Fq, FROBENIUS_COEFF_FQ2_C1, NEGATIVE_ONE}; use ff::{Field, PowVartime}; use rand_core::RngCore; use std::cmp::Ordering; use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign}; use subtle::{Choice, ConditionallySelectable, CtOption}; /// An element of Fq2, represented by c0 + c1 * u. #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)] pub struct Fq2 { pub c0: Fq, pub c1: Fq, } impl ::std::fmt::Display for Fq2 { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "Fq2({} + {} * u)", self.c0, self.c1) } } /// `Fq2` elements are ordered lexicographically. impl Ord for Fq2 { #[inline(always)] fn cmp(&self, other: &Fq2) -> Ordering { match self.c1.cmp(&other.c1) { Ordering::Greater => Ordering::Greater, Ordering::Less => Ordering::Less, Ordering::Equal => self.c0.cmp(&other.c0), } } } impl PartialOrd for Fq2 { #[inline(always)] fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Fq2) -> Option { Some(self.cmp(other)) } } impl Fq2 { /// Multiply this element by the cubic and quadratic nonresidue 1 + u. pub fn mul_by_nonresidue(&mut self) { let t0 = self.c0; self.c0.sub_assign(&self.c1); self.c1.add_assign(&t0); } /// Norm of Fq2 as extension field in i over Fq pub fn norm(&self) -> Fq { let t0 = self.c0.square(); let mut t1 = self.c1.square(); t1.add_assign(&t0); t1 } } impl ConditionallySelectable for Fq2 { fn conditional_select(a: &Self, b: &Self, choice: Choice) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: Fq::conditional_select(&a.c0, &b.c0, choice), c1: Fq::conditional_select(&a.c1, &b.c1, choice), } } } impl Neg for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn neg(self) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: self.c0.neg(), c1: self.c1.neg(), } } } impl<'r> Add<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn add(self, other: &Self) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: self.c0 + other.c0, c1: self.c1 + other.c1, } } } impl Add for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self { self.add(&other) } } impl<'r> AddAssign<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { fn add_assign(&mut self, other: &'r Self) { self.c0.add_assign(&other.c0); self.c1.add_assign(&other.c1); } } impl AddAssign for Fq2 { fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { self.add_assign(&other); } } impl<'r> Sub<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn sub(self, other: &Self) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: self.c0 - other.c0, c1: self.c1 - other.c1, } } } impl Sub for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self { self.sub(&other) } } impl<'r> SubAssign<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: &'r Self) { self.c0.sub_assign(&other.c0); self.c1.sub_assign(&other.c1); } } impl SubAssign for Fq2 { fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { self.sub_assign(&other); } } impl<'r> Mul<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn mul(self, other: &Self) -> Self { let mut ret = self; ret.mul_assign(other); ret } } impl Mul for Fq2 { type Output = Self; fn mul(self, other: Self) -> Self { self.mul(&other) } } impl<'r> MulAssign<&'r Fq2> for Fq2 { fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: &Self) { let mut aa = self.c0; aa.mul_assign(&other.c0); let mut bb = self.c1; bb.mul_assign(&other.c1); let mut o = other.c0; o.add_assign(&other.c1); self.c1.add_assign(&self.c0); self.c1.mul_assign(&o); self.c1.sub_assign(&aa); self.c1.sub_assign(&bb); self.c0 = aa; self.c0.sub_assign(&bb); } } impl MulAssign for Fq2 { fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { self.mul_assign(&other); } } impl Field for Fq2 { fn random(rng: &mut R) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: Fq::random(rng), c1: Fq::random(rng), } } fn zero() -> Self { Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::zero(), } } fn one() -> Self { Fq2 { c0: Fq::one(), c1: Fq::zero(), } } fn is_zero(&self) -> bool { self.c0.is_zero() && self.c1.is_zero() } fn square(&self) -> Self { let mut ab = self.c0; ab.mul_assign(&self.c1); let mut c0c1 = self.c0; c0c1.add_assign(&self.c1); let mut c0 = self.c1.neg(); c0.add_assign(&self.c0); c0.mul_assign(&c0c1); c0.sub_assign(&ab); let mut c1 = ab; c1.add_assign(&ab); c0.add_assign(&ab); Fq2 { c0, c1 } } fn double(&self) -> Self { Fq2 { c0: self.c0.double(), c1: self.c1.double(), } } fn invert(&self) -> CtOption { let t1 = self.c1.square(); let mut t0 = self.c0.square(); t0.add_assign(&t1); t0.invert().map(|t| Fq2 { c0: self.c0.mul(&t), c1: self.c1.mul(&t).neg(), }) } fn frobenius_map(&mut self, power: usize) { self.c1.mul_assign(&FROBENIUS_COEFF_FQ2_C1[power % 2]); } /// WARNING: THIS IS NOT ACTUALLY CONSTANT TIME YET! /// THIS WILL BE REPLACED BY THE bls12_381 CRATE, WHICH IS CONSTANT TIME! fn sqrt(&self) -> CtOption { // Algorithm 9, https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf if self.is_zero() { CtOption::new(Self::zero(), Choice::from(1)) } else { // a1 = self^((q - 3) / 4) let mut a1 = self.pow_vartime([ 0xee7fbfffffffeaaau64, 0x7aaffffac54ffff, 0xd9cc34a83dac3d89, 0xd91dd2e13ce144af, 0x92c6e9ed90d2eb35, 0x680447a8e5ff9a6, ]); let mut alpha = a1.square(); alpha.mul_assign(self); let mut a0 = alpha; a0.frobenius_map(1); a0.mul_assign(&alpha); let neg1 = Fq2 { c0: NEGATIVE_ONE, c1: Fq::zero(), }; if a0 == neg1 { CtOption::new(Self::zero(), Choice::from(0)) } else { a1.mul_assign(self); if alpha == neg1 { a1.mul_assign(&Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::one(), }); } else { alpha.add_assign(&Fq2::one()); // alpha = alpha^((q - 1) / 2) alpha = alpha.pow_vartime([ 0xdcff7fffffffd555u64, 0xf55ffff58a9ffff, 0xb39869507b587b12, 0xb23ba5c279c2895f, 0x258dd3db21a5d66b, 0xd0088f51cbff34d, ]); a1.mul_assign(&alpha); } CtOption::new(a1, Choice::from(1)) } } } } #[cfg(test)] use super::fq::FqRepr; #[cfg(test)] use ff::PrimeField; #[test] fn test_fq2_ordering() { let mut a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::zero(), }; let mut b = a; assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Equal); b.c0.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Less); a.c0.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Equal); b.c1.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Less); a.c0.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Less); a.c1.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Greater); b.c0.add_assign(&Fq::one()); assert!(a.cmp(&b) == Ordering::Equal); } #[test] fn test_fq2_basics() { assert_eq!( Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::zero(), }, Fq2::zero() ); assert_eq!( Fq2 { c0: Fq::one(), c1: Fq::zero(), }, Fq2::one() ); assert!(Fq2::zero().is_zero()); assert!(!Fq2::one().is_zero()); assert!(!Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::one(), } .is_zero()); } #[test] fn test_fq2_squaring() { let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::one(), c1: Fq::one(), }; // u + 1 assert_eq!( a.square(), Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::from(2), } ); // 2u let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::one(), }; // u assert_eq!(a.square(), { Fq2 { c0: Fq::one().neg(), c1: Fq::zero(), } }); // -1 let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x07, 0x08, 0x0c, 0x5f, 0xa1, 0xd8, 0xe0, 0x42, 0x41, 0xb7, 0x6d, 0xcc, 0x1c, 0x3f, 0xbe, 0x5e, 0xf7, 0xf2, 0x95, 0xa9, 0x4e, 0x58, 0xae, 0x7c, 0x90, 0xe3, 0x4a, 0xab, 0x6f, 0xb6, 0xa6, 0xbd, 0x4e, 0xef, 0x5c, 0x94, 0x65, 0x36, 0xf6, 0x02, 0x9c, 0x2c, 0x63, 0x09, 0xbb, 0xf8, 0xb5, 0x98, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x10, 0xd1, 0x61, 0x5e, 0x75, 0x25, 0x0a, 0x21, 0xfc, 0x58, 0xa7, 0xb7, 0xbe, 0x81, 0x54, 0x07, 0xbf, 0xb9, 0x90, 0x20, 0x60, 0x41, 0x37, 0xa0, 0xda, 0xc5, 0xa4, 0xc9, 0x11, 0xa4, 0x35, 0x3e, 0x6a, 0xd3, 0x29, 0x11, 0x77, 0xc8, 0xc7, 0xe5, 0x38, 0xf4, 0x73, 0xb3, 0xc8, 0x70, 0xa4, 0xab, ])) .unwrap(), }; assert_eq!( a.square(), Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x07, 0xea, 0xc8, 0x13, 0x69, 0xc4, 0x33, 0x61, 0x4c, 0xf1, 0x7b, 0x58, 0x93, 0xc3, 0xd3, 0x27, 0xcb, 0x67, 0x41, 0x57, 0x61, 0x8d, 0xa1, 0x76, 0x0d, 0xc4, 0x6a, 0xb8, 0xfa, 0xd6, 0x7a, 0xe0, 0xb9, 0xf2, 0xa6, 0x6e, 0xae, 0x10, 0x73, 0xba, 0xf2, 0x62, 0xc2, 0x8c, 0x53, 0x8b, 0xcf, 0x68, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x15, 0x42, 0xa6, 0x1c, 0x8a, 0x8d, 0xb9, 0x94, 0x73, 0x9c, 0x98, 0x30, 0x42, 0x77, 0x9a, 0x65, 0x38, 0xd0, 0xd7, 0x27, 0x5a, 0x96, 0x89, 0xe1, 0xe7, 0x51, 0x38, 0xbc, 0xe4, 0xce, 0xc7, 0xaa, 0xa2, 0x3e, 0xb7, 0xe1, 0x2d, 0xd5, 0x4d, 0x98, 0xc1, 0x57, 0x9c, 0xf5, 0x8e, 0x98, 0x0c, 0xf8, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_mul() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let mut a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x05, 0x1d, 0x3f, 0x92, 0x53, 0xe2, 0x51, 0x6f, 0x1c, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x8e, 0xd9, 0x7a, 0xfb, 0x45, 0x9e, 0xe5, 0x3e, 0x7e, 0x84, 0xd7, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x41, 0xe4, 0x61, 0x15, 0x4a, 0x73, 0x54, 0xa3, 0xa2, 0xe3, 0x3c, 0x33, 0x34, 0x49, 0xa1, 0xd6, 0x85, 0xc9, 0xf9, 0x89, 0xe1, 0x46, 0x1f, 0x03, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x18, 0x0c, 0x3e, 0xe4, 0x66, 0x56, 0xb0, 0x08, 0x7a, 0x5e, 0x1e, 0xcb, 0x67, 0x6d, 0x65, 0xf9, 0x09, 0x53, 0x3e, 0x4a, 0x9a, 0x51, 0x58, 0xbe, 0x4c, 0xc4, 0x80, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0x89, 0x03, 0x14, 0x3c, 0x21, 0x5d, 0x81, 0x76, 0xb3, 0x19, 0xa7, 0x34, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x51, 0x1a, 0xed, 0xcf, ])) .unwrap(), }; a.mul_assign(&Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x02, 0xc9, 0x3a, 0x72, 0xeb, 0x8a, 0xf8, 0x3e, 0x06, 0xc9, 0x11, 0x02, 0x92, 0xbf, 0xa4, 0x09, 0xcd, 0x46, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0x0c, 0x23, 0xe4, 0x30, 0x27, 0xec, 0xe1, 0x75, 0xbe, 0x07, 0xa5, 0x31, 0xfc, 0x87, 0xe6, 0x2e, 0x17, 0x9c, 0x28, 0x5d, 0xe2, 0x1f, 0x91, 0x69, 0x80, 0x5f, 0x53, 0x7e, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x19, 0xe1, 0x73, 0x34, 0xd4, 0xe9, 0x35, 0x58, 0x63, 0x4c, 0xd3, 0xc6, 0xc5, 0x65, 0x09, 0x6d, 0x57, 0xa0, 0x6d, 0x31, 0x35, 0xa7, 0x52, 0xae, 0x88, 0x71, 0xc5, 0x08, 0x65, 0x8d, 0x1e, 0x5f, 0x1d, 0x2a, 0x72, 0x91, 0x6d, 0xba, 0x4c, 0x8a, 0x4b, 0x1c, 0x3f, 0x93, 0x6d, 0x89, 0x92, 0xd4, ])) .unwrap(), }); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x17, 0x51, 0xaf, 0xbe, 0x16, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x99, 0x53, 0x10, 0xa2, 0x02, 0xd9, 0x2f, 0x99, 0x63, 0x55, 0x11, 0xfe, 0x4d, 0x84, 0xee, 0x5f, 0x78, 0xf6, 0x1a, 0x96, 0xda, 0xcf, 0x5a, 0x39, 0xbc, 0xde, 0x29, 0xc3, 0x1a, 0x19, 0xa6, 0x93, 0x7e, 0x95, 0xb5, 0x12, 0x7e, 0x63, 0x60, 0xc7, 0xe4, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0xef, 0x1a, 0x36, 0xc2, 0x01, 0x58, 0x9d, 0x33, 0xa9, 0xac, 0x82, 0xce, 0x4c, 0x50, 0x83, 0xc9, 0x75, 0x10, 0x65, 0x79, 0xc2, 0x75, 0xee, 0x5b, 0xa6, 0xe5, 0x43, 0x0e, 0x88, 0x3d, 0x40, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x3c, 0xd4, 0xda, 0x2c, 0x2a, 0xa7, 0x84, 0xaf, 0x0e, 0x1b, 0xd6, 0x30, 0x11, 0x7a, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_invert() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; assert!(bool::from(Fq2::zero().invert().is_none())); let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x05, 0x1d, 0x3f, 0x92, 0x53, 0xe2, 0x51, 0x6f, 0x1c, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x8e, 0xd9, 0x7a, 0xfb, 0x45, 0x9e, 0xe5, 0x3e, 0x7e, 0x84, 0xd7, 0x53, 0x2e, 0x41, 0xe4, 0x61, 0x15, 0x4a, 0x73, 0x54, 0xa3, 0xa2, 0xe3, 0x3c, 0x33, 0x34, 0x49, 0xa1, 0xd6, 0x85, 0xc9, 0xf9, 0x89, 0xe1, 0x46, 0x1f, 0x03, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x18, 0x0c, 0x3e, 0xe4, 0x66, 0x56, 0xb0, 0x08, 0x7a, 0x5e, 0x1e, 0xcb, 0x67, 0x6d, 0x65, 0xf9, 0x09, 0x53, 0x3e, 0x4a, 0x9a, 0x51, 0x58, 0xbe, 0x4c, 0xc4, 0x80, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x9b, 0x89, 0x03, 0x14, 0x3c, 0x21, 0x5d, 0x81, 0x76, 0xb3, 0x19, 0xa7, 0x34, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x51, 0x1a, 0xed, 0xcf, ])) .unwrap(), }; let a = a.invert().unwrap(); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x13, 0x51, 0xef, 0x01, 0x94, 0x1b, 0x70, 0xc4, 0xa6, 0xc3, 0xd8, 0xf9, 0x58, 0x6f, 0x26, 0x36, 0xdf, 0xba, 0x70, 0x32, 0x93, 0x94, 0x1c, 0x30, 0x64, 0xbe, 0xf6, 0x17, 0xd2, 0x91, 0x5a, 0x8f, 0xe5, 0xec, 0xda, 0x5f, 0xda, 0xfd, 0xdb, 0xb2, 0x07, 0x03, 0x00, 0xf9, 0xbc, 0xb9, 0xe5, 0x94, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x10, 0x3b, 0xdf, 0x24, 0x1a, 0xfb, 0x00, 0x19, 0xdf, 0x4e, 0x54, 0xf0, 0xd3, 0xef, 0x15, 0xa6, 0xcb, 0xf6, 0x51, 0xa0, 0xf3, 0x67, 0xaf, 0xb2, 0x94, 0x71, 0x43, 0xf8, 0x9f, 0xae, 0xde, 0xe9, 0x15, 0xd7, 0xb6, 0xb9, 0x5d, 0xef, 0xbf, 0xf0, 0x8c, 0x39, 0xfd, 0x76, 0xa8, 0x31, 0x2c, 0xb4, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_addition() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let mut a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), }; a.add_assign(&Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x13, 0xce, 0x43, 0x3f, 0xa2, 0x60, 0x27, 0xf5, 0x98, 0x6a, 0x4a, 0x62, 0xfa, 0x82, 0xa4, 0x9d, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x89, 0x9a, 0x42, 0xa6, 0x31, 0x8f, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0xb9, 0x9a, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xca, 0x12, 0xb9, 0x3a, 0xdf, 0xc9, 0x11, 0x9e, 0x33, 0xe8, 0x61, 0x9a, 0x02, 0xd7, 0x8d, 0xc7, 0x0e, 0xf2, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x11, 0xd6, 0xe2, 0x0e, 0x98, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x85, 0x4c, 0x8c, 0x18, 0x00, 0xeb, 0x10, 0x45, 0x66, 0x22, 0x36, 0xf5, 0x52, 0x46, 0xd0, 0xd4, 0x4d, 0x40, 0x2a, 0xef, 0x1f, 0xb7, 0x97, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0xa1, 0x37, 0x9b, 0x6f, 0xac, 0xf6, 0xe5, 0x96, 0x66, 0x32, 0x3b, 0xf8, 0x0b, 0x58, 0xb9, 0xb9, ])) .unwrap(), }); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x14, 0xc7, 0x15, 0xd5, 0x55, 0x3f, 0x01, 0xd2, 0x65, 0x30, 0x94, 0x27, 0xb3, 0xd5, 0xd0, 0x90, 0xf4, 0xef, 0x57, 0xd6, 0x04, 0xb6, 0xbc, 0xa2, 0xd7, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x7b, 0x48, 0x1d, 0x23, 0xff, 0xcb, 0x20, 0x7e, 0x6b, 0x33, 0x41, 0xea, 0xba, 0x8e, 0x9a, 0x7a, 0xda, 0xf6, 0xeb, 0x0e, 0xb9, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x13, 0x03, 0xf3, 0x46, 0x51, 0x12, 0xc8, 0xbc, 0x9a, 0xd2, 0x65, 0xeb, 0x46, 0xe0, 0x19, 0x84, 0xd6, 0x2f, 0xa5, 0x13, 0x34, 0xf5, 0x60, 0xfa, 0xfe, 0x4b, 0x23, 0x31, 0x7e, 0x07, 0x96, 0xd5, 0x35, 0xa2, 0x80, 0x9d, 0x15, 0x46, 0x8d, 0x83, 0xfd, 0xb0, 0x32, 0xe7, 0xd9, 0x07, 0x9a, 0x94, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_subtraction() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let mut a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), }; a.sub_assign(&Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x13, 0xce, 0x43, 0x3f, 0xa2, 0x60, 0x27, 0xf5, 0x98, 0x6a, 0x4a, 0x62, 0xfa, 0x82, 0xa4, 0x9d, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x89, 0x9a, 0x42, 0xa6, 0x31, 0x8f, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0xb9, 0x9a, 0x9f, 0x0d, 0xca, 0x12, 0xb9, 0x3a, 0xdf, 0xc9, 0x11, 0x9e, 0x33, 0xe8, 0x61, 0x9a, 0x02, 0xd7, 0x8d, 0xc7, 0x0e, 0xf2, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x11, 0xd6, 0xe2, 0x0e, 0x98, 0x6c, 0x20, 0x85, 0x4c, 0x8c, 0x18, 0x00, 0xeb, 0x10, 0x45, 0x66, 0x22, 0x36, 0xf5, 0x52, 0x46, 0xd0, 0xd4, 0x4d, 0x40, 0x2a, 0xef, 0x1f, 0xb7, 0x97, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0xa1, 0x37, 0x9b, 0x6f, 0xac, 0xf6, 0xe5, 0x96, 0x66, 0x32, 0x3b, 0xf8, 0x0b, 0x58, 0xb9, 0xb9, ])) .unwrap(), }); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x07, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0x40, 0x49, 0xfe, 0x98, 0x81, 0x7f, 0x77, 0xa7, 0x18, 0x02, 0x1c, 0x34, 0x2d, 0xe2, 0x55, 0x90, 0x26, 0x72, 0xef, 0x6c, 0x43, 0xa6, 0x5a, 0x6b, 0xe7, 0x00, 0xb2, 0x85, 0xfe, 0x77, 0x56, 0xbe, 0xd7, 0xc1, 0x59, 0x82, 0xe9, 0x85, 0x65, 0x75, 0x2b, 0xdb, 0x5c, 0x9b, 0x80, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x09, 0x57, 0x41, 0x13, 0x59, 0xba, 0x6e, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0xd5, 0xdd, 0x9f, 0xb4, 0x0b, 0x3b, 0x8f, 0xf6, 0x39, 0x05, 0xf3, 0x9a, 0xd8, 0xcb, 0x1f, 0xe5, 0x26, 0x17, 0x93, 0x05, 0x88, 0xc6, 0x9a, 0x11, 0xdf, 0x49, 0xbc, 0x6c, 0xac, 0xc2, 0x56, 0xeb, 0x4a, 0xba, 0xf7, 0xc2, 0x55, 0xd1, 0xcd, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_negation() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), } .neg(); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x19, 0x08, 0x3f, 0x54, 0x86, 0xa1, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0x7e, 0x55, 0x5d, 0xf1, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x80, 0xe3, 0xab, 0x10, 0x7d, 0x49, 0x31, 0x74, 0x87, 0xab, 0xdc, 0x16, 0x7f, 0xc0, 0x4d, 0xa1, 0x9c, 0x37, 0x0c, 0xc6, 0x61, 0x5c, 0x8f, 0xb0, 0x49, 0x2d, 0x8c, 0xfe, 0x87, 0xfc, 0x96, 0xdb, 0xaa, 0xe4, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x18, 0xd4, 0x00, 0xb2, 0x80, 0xd9, 0x3e, 0x62, 0xfc, 0xd5, 0x59, 0xcb, 0xe7, 0x7b, 0xd8, 0xb8, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0x9b, 0xc4, 0x05, 0x60, 0x86, 0x11, 0xa9, 0x10, 0x9e, 0x8f, 0x30, 0x41, 0x42, 0x7e, 0x8a, 0x41, 0x1a, 0xd1, 0x49, 0x04, 0x58, 0x12, 0x22, 0x81, 0x09, 0x10, 0x32, 0x50, 0xc9, 0xd0, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_doubling() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), }; assert_eq!( a.double(), Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0xf1, 0xa5, 0x2b, 0x65, 0xbd, 0xb3, 0xb9, 0x99, 0x8c, 0x93, 0x89, 0x72, 0xa6, 0x57, 0xe7, 0x72, 0xcd, 0x9c, 0x77, 0x84, 0x21, 0x16, 0x27, 0x16, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xc1, 0x52, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xda, 0x23, 0xcb, 0x3d, 0x44, 0x43, 0x47, 0x6d, 0xa4, 0x5a, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x06, 0xd2, 0x47, 0xff, 0x8e, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x02, 0x5a, 0x22, 0x6f, 0x71, 0x4d, 0x50, 0x6e, 0x9c, 0x8c, 0x9b, 0xd4, 0xb7, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x3d, 0x67, 0xf1, 0x5f, 0x81, 0xdc, 0x49, 0x19, 0x5b, 0x7c, 0x40, 0x68, 0x23, 0x8c, 0xdf, 0x67, 0x4b, 0x28, 0xd5, 0xca, 0x5a, 0xd0, 0x9f, 0x4f, 0xdb, 0x2e, 0xfb, 0xed, 0xdf, 0x9b, 0x5d, 0xc1, 0xb6, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_frobenius_map() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; let mut a = Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), }; a.frobenius_map(0); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), } ); a.frobenius_map(1); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x18, 0xd4, 0x00, 0xb2, 0x80, 0xd9, 0x3e, 0x62, 0xfc, 0xd5, 0x59, 0xcb, 0xe7, 0x7b, 0xd8, 0xb8, 0xb0, 0x7e, 0x9b, 0xc4, 0x05, 0x60, 0x86, 0x11, 0xa9, 0x10, 0x9e, 0x8f, 0x30, 0x41, 0x42, 0x7e, 0x8a, 0x41, 0x1a, 0xd1, 0x49, 0x04, 0x58, 0x12, 0x22, 0x81, 0x09, 0x10, 0x32, 0x50, 0xc9, 0xd0, ])) .unwrap(), } ); a.frobenius_map(1); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), } ); a.frobenius_map(2); assert_eq!( a, Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x00, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0xb2, 0xde, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xc4, 0xb9, 0x53, 0x2b, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x66, 0xce, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0x10, 0x8b, 0x13, 0x8b, 0x1a, 0x52, 0xe0, 0xa9, 0x0f, 0x59, 0xed, 0x11, 0xe5, 0x9e, 0xa2, 0x21, 0xa3, 0xb6, 0xd2, 0x2d, 0x00, 0x78, 0x03, 0x69, 0x23, 0xff, 0xc7, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x01, 0x2d, 0x11, 0x37, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0x37, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x4d, 0xea, 0x5b, 0xcf, 0xd4, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0xf8, 0xaf, 0xc0, 0xee, 0x24, 0x8c, 0xad, 0xbe, 0x20, 0x34, 0x11, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x94, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x4f, 0xa7, 0xed, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xe0, 0xdb, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[test] fn test_fq2_sqrt() { use super::fq::FqRepr; use ff::PrimeField; assert_eq!( Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x07, 0xca, 0x7d, 0xa1, 0xf1, 0x36, 0x06, 0xac, 0x1e, 0x58, 0xb2, 0x15, 0x9d, 0xfe, 0x10, 0xe2, 0xdb, 0x4a, 0x11, 0x6b, 0x5b, 0xf7, 0x4a, 0xa1, 0xa5, 0x7e, 0x6f, 0xc1, 0xba, 0xb5, 0x1f, 0xd9, 0x03, 0x4c, 0x2d, 0x04, 0xfa, 0xff, 0xda, 0xb6, 0x47, 0x6b, 0x4c, 0x30, 0x97, 0x20, 0xe2, 0x27, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x0e, 0xc9, 0x23, 0x36, 0x65, 0x0e, 0x49, 0xd5, 0x08, 0xee, 0x53, 0x94, 0xd7, 0x7a, 0xfb, 0x3d, 0x21, 0x26, 0x11, 0xbc, 0xa4, 0xe9, 0x91, 0x21, 0x4c, 0xec, 0x2d, 0xca, 0x57, 0x7a, 0x3e, 0xb6, 0x37, 0x1a, 0x75, 0xed, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x16, 0x29, 0xfa, 0x8d, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0x75, 0x16, 0xd2, 0xc3, ])) .unwrap(), } .sqrt() .unwrap(), Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x10, 0xf6, 0x96, 0x3b, 0xba, 0xd2, 0xeb, 0xc5, 0x88, 0x1b, 0x3e, 0x01, 0xb6, 0x11, 0xc0, 0x70, 0x8d, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x72, 0x3d, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xd3, 0x6d, 0x2d, 0xdb, 0xe5, 0x52, 0x20, 0x3e, 0x82, 0x6e, 0xf7, 0xde, 0x92, 0xe8, 0xc6, 0x8b, 0x63, 0x40, 0xb2, 0x99, 0xb2, 0x70, 0x42, 0x58, 0xc5, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x08, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0xff, 0x94, 0x21, 0x63, 0x30, 0xa4, 0xc9, 0x3b, 0x08, 0x10, 0x5d, 0x71, 0xa9, 0x6b, 0x85, 0x2a, 0xea, 0xf2, 0xaf, 0xcb, 0x1b, 0x28, 0xa2, 0x0f, 0xae, 0xd2, 0x11, 0xef, 0xe7, 0x76, 0x70, 0x59, 0x46, 0x65, 0x67, 0x64, 0x47, 0xc0, 0x99, 0x53, 0x4f, 0xc2, 0x09, 0xe7, 0x52, ])) .unwrap(), } ); assert_eq!( Fq2 { c0: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x1a, 0x01, 0x11, 0xea, 0x39, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x9a, 0x4b, 0x1b, 0xa7, 0xb6, 0x43, 0x4b, 0xac, 0xd7, 0x64, 0x77, 0x4b, 0x84, 0xf3, 0x85, 0x12, 0xbf, 0x67, 0x30, 0xd2, 0xa0, 0xf6, 0xb0, 0xf6, 0x24, 0x1e, 0xab, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xb1, 0x53, 0xff, 0xff, 0xb9, 0xf7, 0x84, 0x29, 0xd1, 0x51, 0x7a, 0x6b, ])) .unwrap(), c1: Fq::zero(), } .sqrt() .unwrap(), Fq2 { c0: Fq::zero(), c1: Fq::from_repr(FqRepr([ 0x1a, 0x01, 0x11, 0xea, 0x39, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x9a, 0x4b, 0x1b, 0xa7, 0xb6, 0x43, 0x4b, 0xac, 0xd7, 0x64, 0x77, 0x4b, 0x84, 0xf3, 0x85, 0x12, 0xbf, 0x67, 0x30, 0xd2, 0xa0, 0xf6, 0xb0, 0xf6, 0x24, 0x1e, 0xab, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xb1, 0x53, 0xff, 0xff, 0xb9, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x43, 0x57, 0xa3, ])) .unwrap(), } ); } #[cfg(test)] use rand_core::SeedableRng; #[cfg(test)] use rand_xorshift::XorShiftRng; #[test] fn test_fq2_mul_nonresidue() { let mut rng = XorShiftRng::from_seed([ 0x59, 0x62, 0xbe, 0x5d, 0x76, 0x3d, 0x31, 0x8d, 0x17, 0xdb, 0x37, 0x32, 0x54, 0x06, 0xbc, 0xe5, ]); let nqr = Fq2 { c0: Fq::one(), c1: Fq::one(), }; for _ in 0..1000 { let mut a = Fq2::random(&mut rng); let mut b = a; a.mul_by_nonresidue(); b.mul_assign(&nqr); assert_eq!(a, b); } } #[test] fn fq2_field_tests() { use ff::PrimeField; crate::tests::field::random_field_tests::(); crate::tests::field::random_sqrt_tests::(); crate::tests::field::random_frobenius_tests::(super::fq::Fq::char(), 13); }